--- title: "Restrictive practices: 1 in 5 residents and what 5 frameworks ask" description: "20.7% of aged care residents were under a restrictive practice in early 2026. What the data, the rules in 5 frameworks and the evidence mean for training." canonical: https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights/restrictive-practices-training-requirements --- [Insights](https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights) # 1 in 5 aged care residents is under a restrictive practice: what 5 frameworks ask of training In January to March 2026, 20.7% of assessed aged care residents were under a restrictive practice, the national QI Program reports. By [Kim Loza](https://linkedin.com/in/kimberlyloza), Head of Product at People Tech Revolution Published 25 September 2026 · Last updated 28 September 2026 · Version 2.0 [Connect with Kim on LinkedIn ↗](https://linkedin.com/in/kimberlyloza) Cite this research 20.7% Aged care residents under a restrictive practice QI Program, January to March 2026 1,044,851 NDIS reportable incidents notified in a year NDIS Commission, 2020-21 0.86 Risk ratio for restraint after least-restraint programs Cochrane review, 2023 24% Rise in monthly restrictive interventions, England CQC, 2024/25 The measure ## How common is restrictive practice in Australian residential aged care? About 1 in 5 residents: 20.7% of assessed residents were recorded under a restrictive practice in January to March 2026, chemical restraint excluded ([QI Program](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/785d4f71-beef-45bb-9a4a-44b4a62c672f/RCH-Q3-report-January-to-March-2026-supplementary-tables-Q3)). A garden bench, seen through the headset. A carer approaches a man at the rail. An older woman speaks to a visitor. Residents under a restrictive practice, and under a secure area alone, 2021 to 2026 Any restrictive practice Secure area alone See the data (percent of assessed residents) Sep 2021 Dec 2021 Mar 2022 Jun 2022 Sep 2022 Dec 2022 Mar 2023 Jun 2023 Sep 2023 Dec 2023 Mar 2024 Jun 2024 Sep 2024 Dec 2024 Mar 2025 Jun 2025 Sep 2025 Dec 2025 Mar 2026 Any restrictive practice 23.0% 21.9% 21.4% 21.5% 21.2% 19.8% 19.5% 18.1% 17.4% 17.8% 17.7% 18.8% 19.3% 19.3% 19.8% 20.8% 21.4% 21.8% 20.7% Secure area alone 17.2% 16.8% 16.7% 16.9% 16.8% 15.7% 15.7% 14.4% 13.8% 14.0% 13.7% 14.6% 15.2% 15.1% 15.3% 15.7% 16.4% 16.5% 15.3% Percent of assessed residents, quarters ending September 2021 to March 2026. Source: [AIHW GEN, QI Program tables, Table 1.1](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/785d4f71-beef-45bb-9a4a-44b4a62c672f/RCH-Q3-report-January-to-March-2026-supplementary-tables-Q3). ### The rate fell to 17.4%, then climbed back above 20% From 23.0% in July to September 2021 the share fell to 17.4% in July to September 2023, then rose to 21.8% in October to December 2025. Across the 19 quarters the Department’s own trend test reads “No change” (risk ratio 0.998). So what for you: Read your quarterly result against this line before and after any training. A care worker walks beside a resident. ### 44,949 of 206,334 residents in late 2025 That is the October to December 2025 count ([QI Program](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/f2e9d082-cfa4-444e-9ac2-add3436730f7/RCH-QI-Report-October-to-December-2025-previous-release)), covering physical, mechanical and environmental restraint and seclusion in a 3-day window. A facility manager pauses on the landing. ### Most of it is a secure area Residents restricted exclusively through a secure area were 15.3% of all residents in January to March 2026, or 73.9% of the restricted group. In July to September 2021 the share was 74.9% ([QI Program](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/f44341b1-e02b-40c4-9d90-f5b9d9bc01b0/RACS-QI-report-July-to-September-2021-previous-releases)). A support worker beside an older woman. ### Counts before July 2021 are a different measure Until 30 June 2021 the program counted restraint devices per 1,000 care days: 3.95 in July to September 2019 and 2.92 in April to June 2021. From 1 July 2021 it counts residents, as a percentage, so the 2 series cannot be joined ([QI Program](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/bc308906-8fbe-4e91-9de0-84ac2811864d/RACS-QI-report-April-to-June-2022-previous-releases)). Reporting ## Do incident reports show how often restrictive practices are used? No. In April to June 2025 providers made 198 notifications of inappropriate use while 42,213 residents were recorded under a restrictive practice, about 213 residents for each notification ([ACQSC](https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/sector-performance-report-for-quarter-4-april-june-2025.pdf)). Residential serious incident notifications by type, April to June 2025 Unreasonable use of force 7,221 Inappropriate use of restrictive practices 198 All other incident types 7,405 All residential notifications 14,824 See the data (notifications) Measure Notifications Unreasonable use of force 7,221 Inappropriate use of restrictive practices 198 All other incident types 7,405 All residential notifications 14,824 Notifications, April to June 2025. Source: [ACQSC, Sector Performance Report, SIRS](https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/sector-performance-report-for-quarter-4-april-june-2025.pdf). ### Force dominates the reports; restrictive practice sits near 200 Unreasonable use of force accounted for 7,221 notifications, against 14,824 in all. Inappropriate use of restrictive practices ranged from 160 to 232 a quarter from July to September 2023 to July to September 2025. So what for you: An incident count describes the reporting rule, not how often a practice is used. A support coordinator reviews a plan. ### Disability counts every unauthorised use NDIS providers notified 1,044,851 reportable incidents in 2020-21. 98.7% concerned unauthorised restrictive practices, and 93% of those were chemical or environmental restraint ([NDIS Commission](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-02/ndiscommissionannualreport202021.pdf)). A man in a wheelchair leads a meeting. ### Regulated use is reported every month In April to June 2025, 15,746 participants, 2.1% of all participants, were subject to a regulated restrictive practice ([NDIS Commission](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Quarterly%20Performance%20Report%20Q4%202024-25.pdf)). Unauthorised use fell from 0.78% to 0.75% of participants between mid 2022 and mid 2023 ([Annual Report](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/NDIS-Commission-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf)). Other markets ## What does a sustained fall in restraint look like? In US nursing homes, long-stay residents physically restrained fell from 0.33% in the January 2019 release to 0.13% in December 2025, about 60% lower ([CMS](https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/api/1/datastore/query/xcdc-v8bm/0)). US long-stay nursing home residents physically restrained, releases 2019 to 2026 Jan 2019 release 0.33% Jan 2020 release 0.25% Jan 2021 release 0.21% Jan 2022 release 0.17% Jan 2023 release 0.15% Jan 2024 release 0.13% Feb 2025 release 0.14% Dec 2025 release 0.13% Aug 2026 release 0.13% See the data (percent physically restrained) Measure Percent physically restrained Jan 2019 release 0.33% Jan 2020 release 0.25% Jan 2021 release 0.21% Jan 2022 release 0.17% Jan 2023 release 0.15% Jan 2024 release 0.13% Feb 2025 release 0.14% Dec 2025 release 0.13% Aug 2026 release 0.13% Percent of long-stay residents, national, CMS measure 409, releases January 2019 to August 2026. Source: [CMS provider data, State and US averages](https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/api/1/datastore/query/xcdc-v8bm/0). ### A 60% fall across 7 years, then a plateau It has held near 0.13% since the January 2024 release, across 14,690 certified nursing homes. Definitions differ from Australia’s, so read the shape, not the level. So what for you: A reduction program needs a measure held steady for years. A clinician listens to a young man. ### England is moving the other way Average restrictive interventions a month in mental health services rose 24%, from 13,240 to 16,462, between 2023/24 and 2024/25; people subject to them rose 22%, from 2,929 to 3,563 ([CQC](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/monitoring-mental-health-act/2024-2025/safety)). CQC says the rise could in part reflect better reporting. An older man at a craft table. ### Settings differ sharply In English care homes where over half of residents are autistic or have a learning disability, restraint incidence was nearly 12 times that of homes with none, and around 15% to 20% more residents had restraint in their care plan ([CQC](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/major-report/state-care/2023-2024/areas-of-concern/ld)). A community nurse greets an older woman. ### US surveyors cite restraint Physical restraint citations (tag F604) numbered 446 during 2024. Chemical restraint citations (F605) went from 25 for 2024 to 759 for 2025, after the tag text widened to unnecessary psychotropic medication, which points to a scope change rather than a change in practice ([CMS](https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/api/1/datastore/query/r5ix-sfxw/0)). The rules ## Where does each framework put the training duty? England puts it in statute, US hospital rules require documented competence, and Australia places it in standards and quality indicators beside binding rules on consent, plans and reporting. A support worker talks with a young man. A clinician at a hospital bedside. A physiotherapist beside a seated woman. A job coach stands beside a worker. ### NDIS: training sits in quality indicators The [Rules](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2018L00632/2020-12-01/2020-12-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) list the regulated practices (s 6) and require monthly reports (s 14); unauthorised use is a [reportable incident](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2018L00633/asmade/2018-05-18/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) (s 16). The [Commission’s module](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/rules-and-standards/ndis-practice-standards/supplementary-module-implementing-behaviour-support) lists as a quality indicator: “Workers receive training in the safe use of restrictive practices.” A case manager leans toward an older man. ### Aged care: last resort, consent and a date The [Aged Care Act 2024](https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2024A00104/2025-11-01/2025-11-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) protects a provider from liability for use before 1 December 2026 where consent was given and the rules were met (s 163). [Rule 162-15](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L01173/2026-08-01/2026-08-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) requires last resort and that “best practice alternative strategies are used before the restrictive practice is used”. A receptionist greets an older man. ### Training sits in Outcome 2.9 The [Aged Care Rules 2025](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L01173/2026-08-01/2026-08-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) say: “The provider must provide aged care workers with training and supervision to enable them to effectively perform their roles.” Rule 162-30 asks for monitoring for distress, side effects and changes in behaviour while a practice is in use. A charge nurse briefs the ward. ### Hospitals: Actions 5.35 and 5.36 Where restraint or seclusion is clinically necessary, the [NSQHS Comprehensive Care Standard](https://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/national-standards/nsqhs-standards/comprehensive-care-standard) asks for systems that minimise and, where possible, eliminate it, govern it under legislation and report it to the governing body. A man waits at the triage counter. ### United States: documented competence Hospital staff “must be trained and able to demonstrate competency” in restraint and seclusion ([482.13](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-482/subpart-B/section-482.13)). Nursing facilities must use “the least restrictive alternative for the least amount of time” ([483.12](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-483/subpart-B/section-483.12)) and give nurse aides at least 12 hours of training a year ([483.95](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-483/subpart-B/section-483.95)). A clinician sits knee to knee with a client. ### England: training in statute The [Use of Force Act 2018](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/27/section/5/enacted) requires training on topics from avoiding force to the impact of trauma, refresher training (s 5) and a [record of each use](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/27/section/6/enacted) (s 6). CQC expects certified training to Restraint Reduction Network standards ([statutory guidance](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1038725/Mental-Health-Units-Use-of-Force-Act-2018-statutory-guidance.pdf)), and [regulation 13](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2014/2936/regulation/13) bars disproportionate restraint in regulated care. The evidence ## Does training on its own reduce restrictive practice? Not on current evidence: organisational least-restraint programs probably reduce restraint in long-term care (risk ratio 0.86), while the effect of simple education is uncertain ([Cochrane](https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007546.pub3)). A volunteer talks with a coordinator. ### Programs, not courses A Cochrane review of 11 studies and 19,003 participants found moderate-certainty evidence that least-restraint policy programs probably reduce residents with at least 1 physical restraint (risk ratio 0.86, confidence interval 0.78 to 0.94; 3,849 participants, 4 studies). A dietitian leans toward a client. ### Education alone, and hospitals The same review is uncertain whether simple educational interventions reduce physical restraint. In general hospitals the evidence on organisational programs is very low certainty ([Abraham et al. 2022](https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012476.pub2)). A clinician sits with a young woman outside. ### A VR feasibility trial A randomised feasibility study on 3 UK psychiatric wards reported a reduction in restrictive practice rates in the VR training group, with no difference in self-efficacy, anxiety or burnout scores ([Phiri et al. 2024](https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i10.1521)). Demand ## Is demand for restrictive practices capability rising? Yes. Australian search interest in “restrictive practices” rose from an index of 34.2 for 2020 to 83.9 for 2025 ([Google Trends](https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2019-09-01%202026-09-20&geo=AU&q=restrictive%20practices,behaviour%20support%20plan,restraint%20training)). Google Trends interest in Australia, annual mean, 2020 to 2025 Restrictive practices Behaviour support plan See the data (relative index, 100 = peak month) 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 Restrictive practices 34.2 44.9 52.3 67.4 84.7 83.9 Behaviour support plan 23.6 28.8 33.7 34.2 37.9 52.0 Relative index, annual mean of monthly values, 2020 to 2025. Source: [Google Trends, Australia, captured 26 September 2026](https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2019-09-01%202026-09-20&geo=AU&q=restrictive%20practices,behaviour%20support%20plan,restraint%20training). ### Search interest more than doubled Interest peaked in May 2024 and held through 2025; “behaviour support plan” rose from 23.6 to 52.0. The index shows direction, not volume. So what for you: Buyers search the rule, not a course name. Behaviour support plans lodged with the NDIS Commission, 2019-20 to 2022-23 2019-20 6,003 2020-21 10,109 2021-22 13,091 2022-23 (derived) 15,768 See the data (plans lodged) Measure Plans lodged 2019-20 6,003 2020-21 10,109 2021-22 13,091 2022-23 (derived) 15,768 Plans lodged per financial year. Source: [NDIS Commission annual reports, 2019-20 to 2022-23](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2024-09/NDIS-Commission-Annual-Report-2022-23.pdf). ### Plans lodged grew 2.6 times in 3 years The 2022-23 figure adds the reported rise of 2,677 to the 2021-22 count. Each plan sets strategies workers carry out. So what for you: Training has to connect to the plan a worker implements. A support worker in a staff alcove. ### The workforce these duties reach Aged care employed 414,000 direct care staff in 2023, 217,000 in residential care ([workforce survey](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/6f6d19d5-fc75-4b0d-9446-d7c950c76787/2023_ACPWS_Summary_Report.pdf)), and 2,590 residential services ran on 30 June 2025. Disability had 17,834 registered providers at 30 June 2021 and 2,529 suitable behaviour support practitioners in 2021-22. A nurse talks with a reclining man. A worker with a notebook in a front room. A midwife leans toward a new mother. Sources in brief ## Which datasets and studies does this rest on? A row per source, with its design and sample. Datasets, reports and studies behind the findings Study Design Sample What was measured Result AIHW GEN (2026), [QI Program tables](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/785d4f71-beef-45bb-9a4a-44b4a62c672f/RCH-Q3-report-January-to-March-2026-supplementary-tables-Q3) National indicator Assessed residents Restrictive practice share 20.7%; trend no change ACQSC (2025), [Sector Performance Report](https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/sector-performance-report-for-quarter-4-april-june-2025.pdf) Regulator notifications Residential care SIRS by type 198 against 14,824 NDIS Commission (2021), [Annual Report 2020-21](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-02/ndiscommissionannualreport202021.pdf) Regulator notifications NDIS providers Reportable incidents 1,044,851; 98.7% unauthorised NDIS Commission (2025), [Quarterly Performance Report](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Quarterly%20Performance%20Report%20Q4%202024-25.pdf) Regulator data NDIS participants Regulated practices 15,746 (2.1%) CMS (2026), [provider data, State and US averages](https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/api/1/datastore/query/xcdc-v8bm/0) National measure Long-stay residents Physical restraint 0.33% to 0.13% CQC (2025), [Monitoring the Mental Health Act](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/monitoring-mental-health-act/2024-2025/safety) Regulator data Mental health services Interventions a month up 24% CQC (2024), [State of Care 2023/24](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/major-report/state-care/2023-2024/areas-of-concern/ld) Provider returns analysis English care homes Restraint incidence nearly 12 times Möhler et al. (2023), [Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews](https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007546.pub3) Systematic review, RCTs 19,003 participants Physical restraint RR 0.86 Abraham et al. (2022), [Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews](https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012476.pub2) Systematic review General hospitals Physical restraint Very low certainty Phiri et al. (2024), [World Journal of Psychiatry](https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i10.1521) Randomised feasibility study Psychiatric wards Restrictive practice rates Reduction in VR group Decisions ## What does this mean for a buyer? 4 decisions, in the order a program meets them. - Pick the measure your regulator uses before you set a target. QI prevalence (20.7%), SIRS notifications (198 a quarter) and NDIS notifications (1,044,851 a year) count different things, so never benchmark across them. - Combine training with an organisational least-restraint program. The Cochrane risk ratio of 0.86 came from policy programs; the effect of education alone is uncertain. - Rehearse the consent and plan pathway before 1 December 2026. The [Aged Care Act 2024](https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2024A00104/2025-11-01/2025-11-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) limits liability protection to use before that date, and 73.9% of restricted residents are held by a secure area, which the same consent rules cover. - Keep a competence record where the rule asks for it. US hospitals must document demonstrated competence (482.13), and England’s mental health units must record each use of force as monthly interventions rise 24%. Board paper lines, ready to paste into a business case In January to March 2026, 20.7% of assessed Australian aged care residents were recorded under a restrictive practice, and the Department’s trend test on 19 quarters from July 2021 reads no change (National Aged Care Mandatory Quality Indicator Program). A Cochrane review found that organisational least-restraint programs probably reduce the number of long-term care residents physically restrained (RR 0.86, 3,849 participants, 4 studies), while the effect of simple education is uncertain (Möhler and colleagues, 2023). In England, average restrictive interventions a month in mental health services rose 24% between 2023/24 and 2024/25 (Care Quality Commission, 2025). A carer at an open car door. A therapist walks behind a cane user. A nurse talks with a visitor. ## Limits and method Each dataset counts a different thing, so the figures describe reporting as much as practice. - The QI Program moved on 1 July 2021 from restraint devices per 1,000 care days to a percentage of residents, adding environmental restraint and seclusion; the series cannot be joined. - The indicator was renamed Restrictive practices from April to June 2025; the method text reads the same, not checked against the QI Manual. Chemical restraint is excluded. - Denominators differ: QI assesses residents in a 3-day window, SIRS and NDIS count notifications, the US measure is a share of long-stay residents, England reports a monthly average. - SIRS counts inappropriate use; lawful use is not notified. Sector Performance Reports paused after 1 November 2025, so the series ends at October 2025. - NDIS annual reports do not give incident totals on a common basis each year, and the 2024-25 report could not be read in full. - CMS releases each cover the prior 4 quarters, so years are release years; the date of the F605 tag change was not confirmed. - CQC gives 2 figures for 2023/24: 13,240 a month in its 2024/25 report, over 14,200 in its 2023/24 report. - Google Trends is relative within its query set and country; each annual value averages the monthly values. - Evidence certainty is moderate in long-term care and very low in hospitals; the VR study is a feasibility trial. - Every source was read on 26 September 2026. ## Where PTR fits PTR builds VR and AI roleplay programs where staff rehearse de-escalation and the conversations before a restrictive practice, with a baseline and follow-up measure planned into a pilot. Start with [training for aged care educators](https://peopletechrevolution.com/training/for-aged-care-and-home-care-educators) or [de-escalation training](https://peopletechrevolution.com/training/de-escalation), see [de-escalation training for healthcare](https://peopletechrevolution.com/training/de-escalation-training-healthcare), and plan with [how a pilot runs](https://peopletechrevolution.com/training/how-a-pilot-runs) and [business case and evaluation](https://peopletechrevolution.com/training/business-case-and-evaluation). Related guides - [Complaints & open disclosure](https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights/aged-care-complaints-open-disclosure) - [Quality of life & VR leisure](https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights/vr-aged-care-qut-study) - [Evaluating a pilot](https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights/evaluate-de-escalation-training-pilot) - [The NSQHS de-escalation action](https://peopletechrevolution.com/learn/standards/nsqhs-action-5-34) - [Disability support training](https://peopletechrevolution.com/work/industries/disability) ## Cite this research Free to quote and cite with a link to this page. Name the version you read, so readers can see what has changed since. APA 7 Loza, K. (2026, September 27). 1 in 5 aged care residents is under a restrictive practice: what 5 frameworks ask of training (Version 2.0). People Tech Revolution. https://peopletechrevolution.com/insights/restrictive-practices-training-requirements Copy citation Data: AIHW GEN QI Program: January to March 2026 supplementary tables (Table 1.1) and quarterly reports (Table 2); ACQSC Sector Performance Reports (SIRS); NDIS Commission annual reports 2019-20 to 2022-23 and Quarterly Performance Report Q4 2024-25; CMS provider data; CQC; Google Trends; the rules and studies in Sources. Read 26 September 2026. ### Version history Version Date What changed Version 2.0 27 September 2026 Rebuilt on national data: QI Program restrictive practice series, SIRS, NDIS, CMS and CQC data, Google Trends, the duty wording and the Cochrane evidence. Version 1.0 25 September 2026 First published. ## Sources Each dataset, rule and study at its publisher. ### [Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2026). National Aged Care Mandatory Quality Indicator Program, January to March 2026, supplementary tables. GEN Aged Care Data](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/785d4f71-beef-45bb-9a4a-44b4a62c672f/RCH-Q3-report-January-to-March-2026-supplementary-tables-Q3) GEN Aged Care Data Table 1.1 series. ### [Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2022). Residential Aged Care Quality Indicators, April to June 2022. GEN Aged Care Data](https://www.gen-agedcaredata.gov.au/getmedia/bc308906-8fbe-4e91-9de0-84ac2811864d/RACS-QI-report-April-to-June-2022-previous-releases) GEN Aged Care Data The 1 July 2021 change. ### [Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission (2025). Sector Performance Report, April to June 2025. ACQSC](https://www.agedcarequality.gov.au/sites/default/files/media/sector-performance-report-for-quarter-4-april-june-2025.pdf) Aged Care Quality and Safety Commission SIRS notifications by type. ### [NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission (2021). Annual Report 2020-21. NDIS Commission](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2022-02/ndiscommissionannualreport202021.pdf) NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission Reportable incidents. ### [NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission (2025). Quarterly Performance Report Q4 2024-25. NDIS Commission](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/sites/default/files/2025-09/Quarterly%20Performance%20Report%20Q4%202024-25.pdf) NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission Regulated practices, Appendix D. ### [NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission (2026). Supplementary module: implementing behaviour support. NDIS Commission](https://www.ndiscommission.gov.au/rules-and-standards/ndis-practice-standards/supplementary-module-implementing-behaviour-support) NDIS Quality and Safeguards Commission Quality indicators on training. ### [Commonwealth of Australia (2026). Aged Care Rules 2025, compilation 10. Federal Register of Legislation](https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2025L01173/2026-08-01/2026-08-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) Federal Register of Legislation Rules 162-15, 162-30, Outcome 2.9. ### [Commonwealth of Australia (2025). Aged Care Act 2024. Federal Register of Legislation](https://www.legislation.gov.au/C2024A00104/2025-11-01/2025-11-01/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html) Federal Register of Legislation Sections 17, 162 and 163. ### [US Government Publishing Office (2026). 42 CFR 482.13, Condition of participation: Patient’s rights. eCFR](https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-42/chapter-IV/subchapter-G/part-482/subpart-B/section-482.13) eCFR Hospital restraint training. ### [CMS (2026). Nursing homes, State and US averages. CMS provider data](https://data.cms.gov/provider-data/api/1/datastore/query/xcdc-v8bm/0) US Government, CMS provider data Measure 409 releases. ### [Care Quality Commission (2025). Monitoring the Mental Health Act in 2024/25: Safety. CQC](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/monitoring-mental-health-act/2024-2025/safety) Care Quality Commission Interventions a month. ### [Care Quality Commission (2024). The state of health care and adult social care in England 2023/24: learning disability and autism. CQC](https://www.cqc.org.uk/publications/major-report/state-care/2023-2024/areas-of-concern/ld) Care Quality Commission Care home restraint. ### [UK Parliament (2018). Mental Health Units (Use of Force) Act 2018, section 5. legislation.gov.uk](https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/27/section/5/enacted) legislation.gov.uk Training duty. ### [Möhler et al. (2023). Interventions for preventing and reducing the use of physical restraints for older people in all long-term care settings. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews](https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007546.pub3) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Long-term care review. ### [Phiri et al. (2024). Reducing the use of restrictive practices on psychiatric wards through virtual reality immersive technology training. World Journal of Psychiatry](https://doi.org/10.5498/wjp.v14.i10.1521) World Journal of Psychiatry VR feasibility trial. ### [Google (2026). Google Trends: restrictive practices, behaviour support plan, restraint training, Australia. Google Trends](https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2019-09-01%202026-09-20&geo=AU&q=restrictive%20practices,behaviour%20support%20plan,restraint%20training) Google Trends, captured 26 September 2026 Search interest.